Thesis Proposal Ng Sad free essay sample

Advance in computing sciences and communications technology creates new infrastructure provides people with new tools for communicating throughout the world and for acquiring knowledge and insights from information. Information technology helps them understands how they affect the natural environment and how they can protect it. It more rewarding . It Improves the quality of health care, makes the government more responsive and accessible to the needs of our citizen. As people live in the world where technology is rapidly progressing, and new discoveries are being made every day, opportunity increases. Computer have become common piece of equipment at home all over the wolrd. The majority of careers in today’s society revolve around technology. Internets have also create tremendous opportunities for new education paradigms such as Information System. Background of the Study The National Service Training Program was also know as â€Å" An Act Establishing the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for Tertiary Level Students, Amending for the for the Purpose Republic Act No. We will write a custom essay sample on Thesis Proposal Ng Sad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 7077 and Presidential Decree no. 1706, and for other Purposes† or Republic Act No. 9163. It was signed into law in January 23, 2002 amidst the various calls of dissenting sectors for its abolition or reform. The primary objective of the NSTP law is to promote the role of the youth in nation-building. As such , it aims to encourage the youth to become civic and/ or military leaders and volunteers whom could be called upon by the national in case their services are needed The proponent decide to help the NSTP office, which currently uses the traditional system of giving information data handling where some data are being delayed because of slow transaction. Objectives of the Study The study aimed to develop a NSTP online information system for Batangas State University. Specially, it attempted to: 1. Lessen the time consumed by NSTP Director to know the information of the students enrolled in NSTP in all campuses of Batangas State University. 2. Design a web-based information system about the activities and schedule of the NSTP class for the entire school year. 3. Centralized and organize all the information of enrolled NSTP students for each BatState-U campus. 4. Maintain a more reliable data in terms of database management 5. Develop an automatic report feature of the system to generate appropriate reports needed by the NSTP Director. Significance of the Study The study is deemed significant for its contributions to the following: This study will lessen the time and effort extended by the NSTP directors in gathering information form the enrolled NSTP students in all campuses of Batangas State University. This will also provide the information about the activities, schedule, grades and the instructor of the NSTP class for the school year to the NSTP students. This will be of great tool to Batangas State University in monitoring all NSTP operation and service. This study will also benefits the present research for it will provide a chance to further understand and learn the technicalities involve in developing the system of with related features. Scope and Limitation of the Study The proponents focused their study on the development of NSTP information system for Batangas State Unversity. The authorized user of the system are the administrator or the NSTP director, instructor and students ass well. The NSTP director’s role is to provide all reports add SR code of the students, location of NSTP service. He may also add and delete course and budget for school year. The student’s role is to fill up NSTP registration form and view their schedule and grades. The instructor’s role is to provide grades and set schedule to students. For the security of the website, username and password is required for the administrator and the instructors. They may changes their password; username. Password is limited up to 45 variable charaters. All the authorized user shall be given a brief orientation about the system to be able to use it efficient and effectively. It gives the similarities and differences of the developed system and those reviews. The World Wide Web is a collection of web pages and other resources located in internet server computers connected to web pages browser located in individual machine in which this machine also connected to the internet. What make is a web is that the web pages communicate their author desires, and they connect readers to the other resources by links. The link in the web page can refer to another web page, a program, some other kind of file, are another way of interacting to the web such as Telnet and FTP. HTML has been extended in another ways. First, new features has been added to later version of the language, including better support for frames, columns, tables, and other formats. The latest version of HTML is 4. 01, with 5. 0. Database processing systems are being used by more and more organization with large, mini, and some microcomputer. Database processing system reduces duplication of data and integrates data so multiple data can access it. Programs are non-independent on the format of data and type of secondary storage hard being used. Users are provided with any injury of response capability, which allows them to easily obtain program. Finally, control and security if data storage in the database management system. â€Å"Computerize and Information System in Business† by James A. O’Brein. A programming language is an artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control a behavior of machine, to express algorithm precisely, or as a mode of human communication. An information system produces the information organization s need for making decisions, controlling operations, and output. Input captures are collect raw data from within organization or from its external environment. Processing converts this raw input into a more meaningful form. Output transfers the processed information to the people. Information System also require feedback which is output that is returned to appropriate members of organization to help them evaluate or correct input stage. An SR code is a unique, identifying numbers or group of numbers and letters assigned to an individual piece of hardware or software. A serial number for a piece of software is not usually the same as a product key but they are used sometimes interchangeably. Web design is a broad term used to encompass the way that content is delivered to an end-user through the World Wide Web. The intent of web design is to create a website a collection of online content including documents and application that reside on web server/servers. A website may include text, images, sounds and other content, and maybe interactive. Web design involves the structure of the website including the information architecture, the layout or the pages, and conceptual design with branding. Computer security is a branch of a computer technology known as information security as applied to computers and networks. The object of computer security includes protection of information and property from theft, corruption of natural disaster, while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intended users. The term computer system security means the collective processes and mechanism by which sensitive And valuable information and services are protected from publication, tampering a collapse by an authorized activities or untrustworthy individuals and unplanned events respectively. The strategies and methodologies of computer security often differ from most other computer technologies because of its someone illusive objective of preventing unwanted computer behavior. The proponent had research some studies that supported the developed project. The following related studies are: Jeanne R. Golfo (2006) designed a system to develop and implement an online information system to Most Holy Rosary Parish for reservation which helped the internet user to easily view the information about the church and to lessen the task of the clerk regarding the reservation and cancellation for marriage, baptism, confirmation and death mass. It contains different commands button like Contact Information, Gallery, History, Parish Priest, Church Organization, News and Events, Comments and Suggestions. The thesis â€Å"Online Company Document Report System† Which is proposal by Jonathan Walker tells about a particular company’s document report. This includes list and records of past and previous related document particularly in different sections of a company such as their annual sales and monthly budgets. This detail can be accessed via the internet and has a limited access for a company personnel only the outside office. The site is protected by password so that unauthorized people may not be able to access. They can only view other links in the company website. The thesis entitled Performance Evaluation for Faculty and Staff of De La Salle Lipa by Eric Ocampo. ,(2007) is a study that used web technology to automate the traditional system of evaluating the of staff and the institution. The study intended to minimize the used of paper and lessen the time consumed when using the traditional way of evaluating which is manual. The study is very timely and significantly mainly because of the technology’s trend. In this study by Dalisay A. ,(2005) entitled â€Å" Network Based Faculty Performance Evaluation for Lyceum Institution of Technology†. This study aimed to implement advance technological application for the betterment of the institution specifically in the evaluation process. In addition is a research done by Puri J. et. Al (2005) entitled â€Å"Network Based Guidance Students information and Personality Evaluation†. This study aimed to computerize the existing guidance information and personality evaluation system of De La Salle Lipa Teriary School Guidance and Counseling center. It offers a new environment of taking personality test and storing information othe than the tradition use of pen and paper and it is through ulilization of computer. The study is very timely because of the technology’s trend. The study will help solve the problems encoundtered by the management. It has also offered alternative ideas that may be helpful for the future studies. The research study done by De Guzman j. et. al (2008) entitled† Network Based Evaluation System for Lipa City Public Colleges† used the network in upgrading the tradition way of the institution into automated one. The study used database management system to manipulate and store data. The study used network to make the process of evaluation faster and more convient. Synthesis The relevant studies will be very useful in performing and developing the project study. In the study of Jonathan Waliker, â€Å"Online Company Document Report System† showed about documents company report. The difference between the developed study and this thesis is that the documents reports system explains about collection of the Company’s financial report both past and previous while the developed study explains about the students enrolled in NSTP. Both studies can be access via internet. The developed study can access by the students who are enrolled in NSTP, the professors of the said subject and mainly by the NSTP coordinator while the â€Å"Online Company Document Report System† has a limited access for a company personnel only the site is protected by password so that unauthorized people may not be able to access. In the study done by Ocampo E.. ,(2007), and in the developed system are not the same because this thesis aimed to computerize the existing system in order to lessen the consumption and too much use of paper and man power in the evaluation processes while the developed system made the existing system online and generate more report. They both used wireless technology to gained what they aimed. Moreover, the study entitled â€Å"Network-Based Faculty Performance Evaluation for Lyceum Institute of Technology†(2005) is different to our study for the system, the study focuses on the importance of improving the evaluation rocess while the developed study focuses on the information of the student who are enrolled in NSTP. However, the study done by Dalisay A, is a network-based system. On the other hand, the study done by Puri J.. ,(2005) proved that automating the evaluation system is beneficial to the management and institution. The study is different in the developed study in such a way that both system manipulate and store data and are upgraded version of manually processing of evaluation. Both are centered on the student information. The study is a network-based system while our developed study are web-based system. The research study done by De Guzman J. ,(2008) entitled â€Å"Network Based Evaluation System for Lipa City Public College† used the network in upgrading the traditional way of the institution into automated one. The developed study is similar in this study because both the project used database management system to manipulate and store data. Developed study used the web while the study used network to make the process of evaluation process of evaluation faster and more convenient. The two studies differ in such a way that the developed study focuses on the student information while Network Based Evaluation System for Lipa City Public College include the cognitive evaluation system and academic performance system. Conceptual Framwork In order to come up with the best and most effective logical approach in designing the system, the proponents gathered all information, which wa taken from different books, interest and idea research material about the information. NSTP Online Information System for Batanagas State Univerity NSTP Online Information System for Batanagas State Univerity * Data Analysis * Design the project * Programming amp; Debugging * Generate Report * Data Analysis * Design the project * Programming amp; Debugging * Generate Report Input ProcessOutput * Programming * Database Mangement * Web-based * NSTP Online information System * Programming * Database Mangement * Web-based * NSTP Online information System Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm Figure 1 show the Input, Process and Output (IPO) of the study. The paradigm used IPO boxes with the arrow to illustrate the flow of the development system. The inputs consist of information about the MSTP of Batangas State University, programming language, web design, and Database Management. The output referred to in this study is the developed NSTP Online Information System of Batangas State University Definition of Terms For better understanding of the study, the research conceptually and operationally defined the terms used in this study. Database. It is an organized collection of logically related data. Hopper, 1999). In this study, it is used to store data for the student’s information. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). It is the main markup languages for web pages. (www. wikipedia. org) , in this study, it is used to make the web page of the website. Information. It is an ordered sequence of symbol, can be interpreted as a message (www. wikipedia. Org) in this study, it is used to input by the students in the registration Security. This term refers to the system safeguard design to protect a computer system and data from delibaerate and accidental! Damage on access by authorized persons. (www. Meriam/websiter. com). In this study, it is used to secure the system. Software. This is a generic term for organized collection of computer data and instruction, often broken into major categories: system software that provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer and application software that is used by user by user to accomplish specific tasks. (www. coolnerds. com). In this study, it is used to make the to run the application needed by the system. System. This is a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming and integrated completely. (bussinessdictionary. com). In this study, it refers to hardware and software component that run a computer, Online. Is the condition of being connected to a network or other device. The term is frequently used to describe someone who is currently connected to the internet. (searchnetworking. techtarget. com). In this study, it is used to transmit data over telecommunication lines.

Evidence for the non-genomic actions of steroid hormones Essay Example

Evidence for the non Evidence for the non-genomic actions of steroid hormones Essay Evidence for the non-genomic actions of steroid hormones Essay The actions of steroid endocrines can be distinguished into two distinguishable ways ; genomic and non-genomic actions. The genomic actions are slow and affect binding of the steroids to atomic receptors within the karyon to arouse a transcriptional response of a mark cistron, whilst non-genomic actions are rapid and affect membrane-associated receptors which activate intracellular signalling Cascadess to bring forth a cellular response. Steroid endocrines are lipohilic ( non H2O soluble ) molecules, therefore they travel in the blood attached to protein bearers. The steroid-protein bearer complex dissociates when the steroid reaches its mark cell, after which it migrates through the plasma membrane of the cell. Some steroid endocrines besides bind to specific intracellular receptors in the cytosol and in the karyon. The binding of the steroid endocrine to its receptor brings about a conformational alteration in the receptor molecule. ( Sharma R. 1999 ) . Having bound its steroid, legion steroid receptors dimerize, which converts the non-DNA binding signifier of the receptors into a functional DNA-binding unit. This activation of the receptor enables the endocrine receptor composite to adhere to specific parts of DNA called endocrine response elements and the degree of written text at that peculiar site is straight affected by this binding. This induction of written text thereby shows the classical genomic actions of steroid endocrines which suggests that the non-genomic mechanisms of steroid endocrines can either be via secondary couriers which initiate signal composites located at the membrane or via the binding of the endocrine to intracellular receptors. There are two major groups that the receptors can be divided into ; cell surface receptors and intracellular receptors. The cell surface receptors are transmembrane proteins integrated into the membrane which enables them to recognize assorted signalling molecules. Within the cell surface receptor group, there is a subdivision for the two chief categories of cell surface receptors. These are that of G-protein conjugate receptors ( GPCRs ) and receptors with a individual transmembrane sphere. GPCRs are a household of built-in membrane proteins which have seven membrane-spanning spheres and are linked to an inactive G protein. Generally, GPCRs are the type of cell surface receptor concerned when discoursing non-genomic steroid endocrine action. The binding of a steroid endocrine to a GPCR causes the conformation of the receptor to alter which finally activates G protein. The inactive G protein consists of three fractional monetary units: G? , G? and G? . When the endocrine binds the GPCR, the G? subunits binds one molecule of GTP and dissociates from the other fractional monetary units. This activates the G protein as it leaves sites on the protein exposed so that other molecules can readily interact with it. The activated G protein so initiates signalling from effecter proteins such as adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C. Second couriers such as cyclic-AMP ( camp ) , inositol triphosphate ( IP3 ) , diacylglycerol ( DAG ) and Calcium ( 2+ ) ions are so released. The cardinal tract affecting camp plants chiefly by triping protein kinase A ( PKA ) which uses ATP as a substrate to phosphorylate serine or threonine residues of assorted proteins that go on to trip or deactivate enzymes built-in to metabolic tracts, whilst the tract affecting IP3 and DAG plants by a more complex series of reactions. ( Brook C. and Marshall N. 1996 ) . Phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphophate ( PIP2 ) is cleaved to green goodss DAG and IP3 by phospholipase C. The DAG on the cell membrane-associated protein kinase C has similar effects to those of increased degrees of camp where phosphorylation of other proteins causes cellular activity. IP3 nevertheless mobilizes and increases the cytosolic concentration of Ca within the cell which is of import for the activity of assorted cells. There are many utilizations of Ca ions in the signifier of a 2nd courier in non genomic steroid actions. These include cell proliferation, cell migration, secernment, and cistron look. As opposed to approximately 60 old ages ago, where elaborate surveies of the mechanisms of non-genomic actions were hard to separate from genomic action, there is now a huge sum of information and grounds on the non genomic actions of the assorted steroid endocrines that exist. ( Wehling M. et Al. 2006 ) . I am hence traveling to concentrate on the non genomic actions of the endocrines ; oestrogen and Lipo-Lutin in this essay. One of the most good known non-genomic actions of oestrogen is that of the rapid activation of endothelial NO synthase ( eNOS ) which causes a cellular response in the signifier of vasodilation and prevents cardiac hypertrophy. Oestrogen has been shown to do rapid production of azotic oxide due to activated oestrogen receptors associated with the plasma membrane being coupled to eNOS via the inhibitory alpha fractional monetary unit of G protein ( G?i ) . 17-?-estradiol ( E2 ) in the presence of NO was found to trip several signalling tracts such as the phospatidylinositol 3-kinase ( PI3K ) and Akt pathway. The ERK tract is besides activated which may excite eNOS activity. This suggests that eNOS stimulation at the cell surface by E2 requires the yoke of the oestrogen ? receptor to the G?i protein fractional monetary unit to modulate downstream signalling events, thereby demoing a non-genomic action of oestrogen. ( Falcone S. et Al. 2002 ) . Another grounds for a non-genomic action of oestrogen involves breast malignant neoplastic disease cells responses to oestrogens. The stimulation of chest malignant neoplastic disease proliferations is mediated by signalling tracts such as the Scr/p21ras/MAPK tract which is finally initiated by the steroid endocrine E2. However it has besides been found that E2 acts to advance malignant neoplastic disease growing by suppressing programmed cell death inducement tracts. A survey in which human chest malignant neoplastic disease cells were exposed to a proapoptotic agent along with or without different concentrations of E2 showed that E2 does in fact modulate programmed cell death at both the cell surface and inside the cell with signalling tracts modulating the E2 consequence. ( Tesarik J. 1999 ) . A similar survey carried out on rat anterior pituitary cells besides found that both a man-made oestrogen called estren, and conjugated estradiol are able to exercise rapid apoptotic effects on anterior pituitary cells by a mechanism triggered by membrane-localised ERs and besides established in old surveies that the rate of anterior pituitary cell programmed cell death extremums when the degrees of oestrogens are at their highest. ( Zarate S. et Al. 2009 ) This farther suggests that there are non-transcriptional actions that oestrogens are capable of transporting out. Leading on from the grounds of oestrogen playing a portion in cell proliferation, oestrogens have besides been implicated in the publicity of emancipating bound growing factors. ( Wehling M. et Al. 2006 ) . This involves sustained energizing of MAPK/ERK and PI3K tracts which upregulate ER? and hence causes increased oestrogen induced cell growing. This was shown in a survey which found that oestradiol utilizations growing factor signalling tracts by advancing the direct binding of the ER to a SHC adapter protein and an insulin-like growing factor receptor ( EGFR ) . This in bend activated the ERK cascade which went on to originate a subsequent PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Growth and anti-apoptotic effects were the consequences of the series of events, which yet once more foreground the usage of an oestrogen in a non genomic manner to illicit a cellular response. ( Watson C. S. and Lange C. A. 2005 ) . Oestrogen has besides been shown to forestall beta amyloid induced cell decease. In the starchlike beta cells, it was found that increased oxidative emphasis stimulated the activation of MAP kinase, which accordingly induced cell decease. Oestradiol nevertheless rescues nerve cells from starchlike beta induced decease by forestalling oxidative emphasis, thereby suppressing MAP kinase activation. ( VallN?s S. L. et Al 2008 ) . Hence nerve cells are protected from cell decease by the non-genomic actions of oestrogenic compounds as no transcriptional mechanisms are involved. In add-on to all of the grounds for non-genomic actions of steroid endocrines utilizing oestrogen as an illustration, here is besides a great trade of grounds for the non-genomic action of the steroid endocrine Lipo-Lutin. One of the most good known non-genomic actions of Lipo-Lutin is that of the effects of endocrine on human sperm cell. Progesterone acts to excite Ca flux, activate tyrosine kinase to phosphorylase sperm proteins, and increase camp which finally consequences in hyperactivated motility and induces capacitation and the acrosome reaction. This has been proven in a survey which found that the addition in intracellular Ca and the acrosome reaction were well reduced in work forces with decreased birthrate. The same research lab besides used biochemical surveies to bespeak that Lipo-Lutin is capable of exciting several transduction tracts which shows that Lipo-Lutin has non-genomic actions. ( Baldi E. et Al 1995 ) . The fact that sperm DNA is extremely jammed and hence unaccessible for written text and that sperm do non hold ribosomes or other setup required for interlingual rendition makes spermatozoa a really good theoretical account for demoing and further back uping the thought of Lipo-L utin holding non-genomic actions. ( Luconi M. et Al 2004 ) . Another non-genomic action that Lipo-Lutin carries out is the suppression of the immune system via the suppression of K ( K+ ) channels and Ca signalling which accordingly inhibits cistron look of T lymphocytes. It has been shown that Lipo-Lutin concentrations in the placenta are sufficient to quickly and reversibly barricade voltage-gated and Ca activated K+ channels in T cells. This consequences in the depolarization of the membrane potency which thereby inhibits cistron look that is mediated by Ca signalling and a cytoplasmatic written text factor. It was besides found that Lipo-Lutin straight inhibited K+ channels in T cells which contribute to immunosuppression. This is highly important in the womb as the high concentrations of Lipo-Lutin in placenta inhibit the maternal immune response from assailing the fetus. ( Ehring G. R. et Al 1998 ) Progesterone has besides been shown to work non-genomically in the encephalon. Oestrogen, Lipo-Lutin and its metabolite allopregnanolone are besides neuroactive steroids which are synthesised in the cardinal and peripheral nervous tissues, and are capable of modulating several neural activities, such as neurotransmitter release, temper and memory. Oestrogen has been shown to promote temper by impacting the 5-hydroxytryptamine neurotransmitter system either by its applications entirely or in concurrence with antidepressant drugs. Progesterone on the other manus has the opposing consequence on both temper and memory. However the bulk of the effects of Lipo-Lutin are mediated by allopregnanolone which changes the look and sensitiveness of the GABAA receptor, which is a cardinal constituent f the GABA neurotransmitter system. These alterations in the GABA receptor can ensue in premenstrual temper alterations, cognitive shortages and spacial acquisition damage. ( Birzniece V. et Al 2006 ) . Overall, Lipo-Lutin has been implicated in the release of several neurotransmitters such as, 5-hydroxytryptamine, Dopastat, glutamate and noradrenaline, all of which have important effects on encephalon maps and diseases ( Zheng P. 2009 )

Listado completo de profesiones para sacar la visa TN

Listado completo de profesiones para sacar la visa TN Los mexicanos que tienen una oferta de trabajo en los Estados Unidos pueden obtener la visa TN. Para poder beneficiarse es necesario ser profesional y tener una titulacià ³n universitaria o, en ciertos casos, una certificacià ³n o licencia o un mà ­nimo de aà ±os de experiencia. Pero no todas las profesiones permiten sacar la visa TN, que se creà ³ como consecuencia del TLC entre Mà ©xico, Estados Unidos y Canad.   Sà ³lo las profesiones que estn incluidas en una lista, que se detalla a continuacià ³n, con especificacià ³n de estudios que se piden o alternativas, cuando es posible.   Profesiones para la visa TN para las  que es necesario ser egresado universitario Asistentes de investigacià ³n (sà ³lo para trabajar en colleges y universidades)Arquitecto de paisajesBibliotecarioConsejero vocacionalConservacionistaEconomistaEstadà ­sticosMatemticosNutricionistaPlanificador urbanoProfesor (sà ³lo en universidades o colleges o seminarios), para maestros: visa J-1 o H-1.SilviculturistasTerapista recreacionalTrabajador social Cientà ­ficos egresados que trabajan como: AgriculturistasAgronomistasApiculturistasAstrà ³nomosBià ³logosBioquà ­micosCientà ­ficos especialistas en animalesCientà ­ficos del sueloEntomà ³logosEpidemià ³logosEspecialista avà ­colaEspecialistas en productos lcteosEspecialistas en reproduccià ³n animalEstadà ­sticosFà ­sicosFitomejorador (plant breeder)GeneticistasGeà ³logosGeofà ­sicosGeoquà ­micosHorticultorMatemticosMeteorà ³logoQuà ­micosPatà ³logo de plantasTerapista recreacionalZoà ³logos Profesiones para las que se requiere ser egresado universitario o tambià ©n se admite otro tipo de credencial Abogado (titulacià ³n universitaria o miembro de colegio de abogados -bar- de Mà ©xico, Estados Unidos o Canad).Actuario (tà ­tulo universitario o credencial)Ajustador de reclamo de seguros por desastres (entrenamiento ms un tà ­tulo o tres aà ±os de experiencia)Analista de sistemas de computacià ³n (titulacià ³n universitaria, diploma post escuela secundaria o certificado post escuela secundaria ms tres aà ±os de experiencia)Arquitecto (tà ­tulo universitario o licencia)Consultor en Administracià ³n (titulacià ³n universitaria o cinco aà ±os de experiencia)Dentista (licencia o grado profesional)Dietistas (titulacià ³n universitaria o licencia)Diseà ±ador de interiores (titulacià ³n universitaria, certificado o diploma ms tres aà ±os de experiencia)Diseà ±ador grfico (titulacià ³n universitaria o diploma post escuela secundaria ms tres aà ±os de experiencia)Diseà ±ador industrial (titulacià ³n universitaria, certificado o diploma ms tres aà ±os de experiencia)En fermeras/os (registered nurses). Titulacià ³n o licencia.Escritor de publicaciones tà ©cnicas (titulacià ³n o diploma o certificado ms tres aà ±os de experiencia) Farmacà ©uticos (titulacià ³n o licencia)Gerente de hotel (tà ­tulo universitario o diploma o certificado ms tres aà ±os de experiencia)Guardabosque (titulacià ³n universitaria o licencia)Ingeniero (titulacià ³n universitaria o licencia)Mà ©dicos (M.D. o licencia, pero sà ³lo para enseà ±ar o trabajar en investigacià ³n). Para trabajar como mà ©dicos son otros los requisitos.Psicà ³logos (titulacià ³n o licencia)Tecnà ³logo de laboratorio mà ©dico (titulacià ³n universitaria, o certificado o diploma ms tres aà ±os de trabajo)Terapista fà ­sico (titulacià ³n o licencia)Terapista ocupacional (titulacià ³n universitaria o licencia)Topà ³grafo (titulacià ³n universitaria o licencia)Veterinario (grado profesional o licencia) Casos en los que no se pide titulacià ³n ni certificacià ³n o licencia Tà ©cnicos cientà ­ficos Siempre y cuando està ©n trabajando con profesionales en los campos de Astronomà ­a, Biologà ­a, Ciencias Agrà ­colas, Ingenierà ­a, Geologà ­a, Geofà ­sica, Fà ­sica, Meteorologà ­a, Quà ­mica o Silvicultura. Dà ³nde encontrar ms informacià ³n sobre los requisitos para esas profesiones Todos los datos necesarios estn incluidos en el tratado de NAFTA (TLC) en el Anexo 1603, apà ©ndice 1603.D.1 (informacià ³n en inglà ©s) y tambià ©n en el 8 C.F.R.  Ã‚ § 214.6. A tener en cuenta La visa TN es una gran alternativa a la H-1B, que es la que utilizan muchos profesionales pero tiene el gran inconveniente de que sà ³lo se pueden aprobar un nà ºmero fijo por aà ±o fiscal y el nà ºmero de solicitudes es ms grande que el de visas que se pueden dar. A consecuencia de ello, es frecuente que tenga que celebrarse una loterà ­a para determinar quià ©n es el ganador de la H-1B.  Poder obtener una visa TN elimina ese problema. Para tramitar la visa TN se sigue un procedimiento especà ­fico que es diferente al de otras visas de trabajo temporal e incluso al que siguen los canadienses, que tambià ©n pueden disfrutar de estos visados al amparo del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Mà ©xico, Estados Unidos y Canad, que fue cuando se crearon. Por à ºltimo, tener en consideracià ³n que es requisito fundamental para la TN tener una oferta de trabajo en Estados Unidos, no puede utilizarse para el auto-empleo. Opciones en Canad Los profesionistas  mexicanos que desean trabajar en otro paà ­s pueden considerar entre sus opciones no sà ³lo a los Estados Unidos sino que tambià ©n Canad puede resultar ser una buena alternativa. Destacar que el rà ©gimen migratorio en este à ºltimo paà ­s es diferente y es posible emigrar al amparo de las leyes de Canad que aplican a todo el paà ­s o tambià ©n aprovechando las oportunidades que brindan las distintas provincias.   Por ejemplo, este es un listado de ms de 300 profesiones que permiten emigrar a Canad siguiendo trmites exprà ©s. Por otro lado, las provincias brindan tambià ©n buenas oportunidades para emigrar, como por ejemplo Quebec. Si bien las plazas disponibles se agotan muy pronto para los candidatos que no hablan francà ©s nivel medio. En todo caso, son opciones que puede resultar muy interesante explorar. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal

Threatened Species Act Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Threatened Species Act - Case Study Example This is also available along the Winburndale Nature Reserve. This tree is found in more than fifty five different locations in New South Wales. The current status of the trees is more that of relicts, though they were pretty wide spread earlier on (Hunter 1998). Due to changes in the environmental condition, there has been an overall depletion of these species. They have been slowly losing ground and the population of the species has been depleting in all the locations. The exact reason for such depletion has not yet been ascertained, though a number of possible causes have been identified. In a similar way, the influence it has on the rest of the flora and fauna in the locality is also not fully identified though most of them and the influence of the tree are also identified in the environment. These trees mostly occur in table lands and on a wide variety of geological soils at reasonable altitudes. Most often these trees occur in foot slopes of hilly terrains, though by nature they can grow on any type of land. This species flowers during the months of January to April. The seeds are spread once they are formed. They travel in air and is carried away by wind. They are not carried to long distances. They are always found in close proximity to the parent tree. They fall due to gravity and get into the soil when the wind blows. While the reproduction is helped by nature, their destruction is also caused mostly by nature. The forest fires are the main reasons for destroying nearly 30% of the saplings when they start sprouting. These also weaken even the adult trees there by causing the trees to wither later. However, many of the mature trees sprout after the forest fires. The Eucalyptus trees have the possum in their leaves which makes them averse for animals that feed on them. This is a defensive mechanism that most of the Eucalyptus species adopt and this species also adopts. This protects itself from the animal kingdom to a large extent making its survival in the forest easier (Jeffrey Harborne, 1999). This is made possible by the presence of phenolic chemical components present in the leaf. It is also found that the trees since they have the stringy bark are not particularly attractive to animals to feed on them. Biologically it has protected itself from grazing animals. However, it maintains a balance of available trees and plants in the location where it has been thriving. Now with the depleting population of these trees this delicate balance is affected. The trees are biologically affected when their hybrids are found in the neighbourhoods with other tree species. This hurts the population of the original species since the hybrids grow in the same region and try to destroy the original species. This is one of the major reasons for the population of the species to come down drastically. The species develops putative hybrids with closely related species. The hybrid populations reach as much as 30% of the species population in certain areas causing large scale reduction in the species population (Ladiges & Humphries, 1986). Social Relationships Apart from the forest fires, land clearing and open cut coal mining continues to be major cause for the destruction of these species. In the case of forest fires, the trees have worked out a methodology to get around these and are able to sprout after a fierce forest fire, they do not hold any chance against human activities of

Managerial Economics class discussion wk9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managerial Economics class discussion wk9 - Essay Example The rate of the change is too fast hence participation of knowledge workers in organization is required intensively. Organizations strive to ensure their retain relevance and remain significant in the fast changing markets. For this reason, knowledge workers and knowledge economy have been mandatory requirements (Reinhardt et.al, 2011). Considering that change, innovation and adaptability are important aspects in the modern century, firms need to address problems that may hinder effective transition. Firstly, the knowledge of the crowd requires harnessing (Reinhardt et.al, 2011). Increasing the quantity of knowledge workers is an important strategy. Firms should then update their innovation requirements. This can be done by understanding the market requirements as demanded by innovation and change. Placing a knowledgeable crowd to work on these changes increases the suitability of the form to adapt to the market changes. In addition, internal approaches to develop ICT infrastructures may increase the suitability of the firm to compete effectively in a technologically advanced market (Reinhardt et.al,

City Of Manila.Background of a Smart Designed City Essay Example for Free

City Of Manila.Background of a Smart Designed City Essay The City of Manila has a population of 1.7 million people and is considered as one of the most polluted cities in the world with notorious traffic congestions. The city of Adelaide is on the other hand one of the most liveable cities in the world, with a population of 1.2 million and practically no traffic jams at all. This paper compares these two cities in order to establish what manila can learn from Adelaide. The City of Manila is a relatively small city with a population of about 1. 7 million people and an area of around 40 square kilometres. The city can thus be categorized amongst the overpopulated cities of the world (Townsend, 2013). Consequently, Manila has a very high level of pollution and other challenges including traffic and poor drainage system that makes the sanitation very problematic. Background of a Smart Designed City Adelaide is a south Australian city with a population that is close to that of Manila at 1.3 million people. Initially, this city suffered from high levels of pollution owing to its large population and the energy sources being used across the city. First, the transport means today are highly effective reducing the traffic jams by 100% and the city is now considered as a ‘twenty minute city’ owing to the ability to move from one place to another easily (Fajardo, 2011). The reduced traffic jams translate to reduced gas emissions, as do the number of trees planted around schools, churches, parks, reserves, coastlines and transport corridors. These trees have managed to reduce the carbon emissions getting into the atmosphere thus making the city even cleaner. The city is planned very effectively in such a way that the transport systems are effective and diverse comprising of a South Eastern Freeway, Southern Express Way, the Port River Expressway and the Northern Expressway . This arrangement allows for effective transport across the metropolitan area thus making the city accessible without unnecessary congestions. The roads are also mostly very wide with multiple lanes to accommodate the growing number of vehicles in the city. The city has also cut down its use of fossil fuels in favour of renewable energy with a great inclination on solar energy. They have undertaken numerous campaigns to encourage the citizens to install solar panels on their rooftops, with over 200 schools having to depend on this clean energy for their power needs. As such, the city is slowly turning to solar energy to sustain its energy needs (Henderson, 2002). From its initial planning in the days of the first settlers, the city was designed to have two green rings around the city square thus implementing the green city initiative right from its birth. As a result, they have over 3 million trees within the city and a few parks and squares with a lot of trees as well. The green belt here is so extensive that it is rumoured that one can actually feel the fresh air in the city especially if they are from another part of the country or the world. These trees play a big role in keeping the city free of pollution as they mitigate from the effects of the unavoidable carbon emissions. Suggestions for Future Development and Lose Cost Estimates In order to reach up to Adelaide’s standards, the city of Milan has to undergo a number of transformations within its layout. First, the city’s roads must be reconstructed to accommodate the traffic and reduce the traffic jams. This may cost as much as $100 billion seeing as there is a need for a complete overhaul in the city’s transport system. For efficiency, subways may also be found necessary especially seeing as Manila is in a developing country and thus the urban population is likely to keep growing. The green technology in terms of shifting to solar power as a main source of energy must also be considered seeing as the country currently depends on fossil fuels for their energy. This shift should cost the government about $20 million in equipment and education programs about how to use them as well as their maintenance (Townsend, 2013). In doing this, the city will have cut down on pollution seeing as the dependence on fossil fuels is by far the most hazardous human tendency. As for planting trees and creating a green city, it should be noted that the best trees in Manila can be sourced locally and should thus be relatively cheap. The challenge however would be the sensitization of the masses in order to gain their support and cooperation for maintenance of the trees. It can thus be estimated that the local government will need about $5 million for this project and with the cooperation of the citizens and the private sector the city should qualify for a smart city categorization within approximately 30 years from the implementation date (Townsend, 2013). For this to happen however, the city’s administration will have to obtain the support and cooperation of the general public and the private sector. References Fajardo, B.K. (2011). Filipino crosscurrents. University of Minnesota Press: Minneapolis, MN. Henderson, V. (2002). Urbanization in developing countries. The World Bank Research Observer, 17(1), 89-112. Townsend, M.A. (2013). Smart cities: big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia. New York, NY: W. W. Norton Company. Source document

Self-Esteem and Self-Concept :: Self Image Self Perception Essays

In today’s age and the growing trend in American society of â€Å"what’s hot and what’s not†, is having a huge impact on young children’s self-concept and self-esteem. Self-concept â€Å"refers to the beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and ideas people have about themselves,† whereas self-esteem is â€Å"a personal judgment of worthiness that indicates the extent to which the individual believes himself to be capable, significant, successful, and worthy (392).†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My interest on this subject was peaked after spending the evening with my five year-old cousin, Sami, last week. We were sitting and eating dinner when she said, â€Å"Cali, I am fat and ugly.† Well, I almost fell out of my chair. At the age of five, she was already cutting herself down. â€Å"Research shows that physical appearance is the strongest correlate of global self-worth in childhood and adolescence (398).†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, our textbook explains that children around my cousin’s age have a hard time defining their sense of self. They tend to describe their physical characteristics, areas of interest, family life, etc (394). Nowhere in the text does it say that a child her age should be viewing herself in terms of physical attractiveness. Adolescence and high school students are more apt to make judgments of themselves, not children in kindergarten.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel that television, magazines, books and the internet make our youth have a lower self-esteem because they feel they are not as good looking as the characters on their favorite television show. My cousin watches Nickelodeon and even on children’s shows it seems there are no ugly or fat children. The actresses look older than I do because of all the make-up and their choice of clothing. What does that say to our youth? â€Å"Most American girls receive consistent and clear messages that beauty is defined in terms of being ‘slim and trim’ (398).†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the classroom, self-concept and self-esteem have a huge impact on how well a child does in school. When I was in elementary school and especially high school, I would classify myself as being a good language arts student, but a poor Math and Science student. In elementary school there isn’t as much competition between students, therefore I didn’t feel the need to comment on my strengths and weaknesses. Like the author says, â€Å"and older student’s self-concept may be further broken down according to success in individual subject areas, such as reading, mathematics, or science (394).† In elementary school, all of the subjects could be incorporated into one lesson, while in high school the students switch classes and concentrate on a certain subject per period.

Loss of Biodiversity

Meaning The definition of biodiversity encompasses the degree of variations in organisms and/ or species within an ecosystem. The loss of biodeversity would be the diminishing of dfferent species within that ecosystem. For example, a lake may be the home to many types of fish. A change in the lake's temperature or chemistry may affect a food source for a certain type of fish. This type of fish may die out and leave the lake with one less species in it. The loss of one fish or food source may impact other populations and furthe diminish species diversity. CauseInvasive Species – plants or animals which have moved to a habitat where they were not naturally found and are more successful than local species. Habitat loss – Agriculture, housing and industry are destroying the habitats of many plants, animals and microbes. Our development means we must destory or decrease the natural ecosystems. Many animals have a certain range that they must maintain in order to live. If the y do not have access to this area, their lives are significantly altered. Pollution – Our oceans, rivers, lakes and lands have become rubbish bins for society's industrial and organic waste.Plastic in our garbage causes enormous problems. It kills or injures many marine animals and birds either through accidental entanglement or ingestion of the material in the mistaken belief that the plastic is food. For example, sometimes bags are misidentified as jellyfish. Climate Change – Many plant and animal species are unlikely to survive climate change. For some species there will no longer be anywhere to live. Exploitation – We have drastically reduced some fish populations, hunted some whales to the verge of extinction and destroyed whole forests and their ecosystems.Blast fishing is another practise which reduces the coral reefs in the sea. It is practiced in many areas. This is the process whereby dynamite is placed into an area in order to catch a large quantity o f fish. Coral reefs especially are devastated by this activity. It is most prominent in undeveloped countries where this practice has existed for years. Effect The ecosystems deteriorate to an unsustainable level, at which the results would be incredibly expensive to reverse (ex. in Bangladesh and India, the over-logging of trees and forests makes floods during the monsoon seasons deadly. environmental changes – Loss of one species may cause a chain reaction, resulting in a change to the ecosystem itself. gives us less choice as humans – If certain species are lost, they are no longer available to us either as food, as enjoyment, or as resources for things we may not even know about yet. For example, if we deplete all the yellowfin tuna in the ocean, we no longer have this species available for our consumption. If we are divers or underwater explorers, we no longer can see this fish in its own environment and receive pleasure from this act.Solution Stop climate change from running out of control. In order to tackle climate change world needs international climate deal that would reduce greenhouse gas emissions on global level. Stop deforestation. Tropical rainforests are the areas of the richest biodiversity in our planet, providing living environment for millions of different species. Reduce environmental pollution. Pollution is not only happening in land but also in our oceans having very negative impact on marine biodiversity. Animals and plants can't thrive in polluted environment.Education and the Media Through educating people about the severity of this issue, there will be (hopefully) less exploitations of resources, pollution, and habitat losses. In addition, the media could be used to spread these types of thoughts and again, emphasize the importance of biodiversity, the detrimental effects it has on ecosystems, and how it impacts us. Biodiversity also needs to be more studied in order to give us the necessary knowledge needed to protect animal and plant species from going extinct.

Pros and Cons of Kyoto Protocol Essay

Kyoto Protocol is an attempt of global community to encourage industrialized countries to lower on emissions of GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions was signed in 1997 and till date there are multiple debates going on whether or not it was a step to foster a global cooperation to address current environmental issues or just a governmental endeavor to take under control a free market spot. First, the protocol is seen as a starting point for effective collaboration aiming to achieve global good and face climate change (Hamish McRae). The journalist is sure that the deal has shown the commitment of countries to sacrifice their short-term needs at micro level in order to follow the â€Å"long-term global environmental aims†. In contrast, Kyoto Protocol is poorly designed and does not have any clear influences in perspective â€Å"unlike the Montreal Protocol, which had a clear objective and clear benefits†, notes the author. All things considered can help to draw a conclusion that the Protocol is rather controversial in its future perspectives but is a significant leap of â€Å"a wider global process of conservation† (Hamish McRae). Second, carbon is traded like any other commodity: the treaty expects the countries that do not exceed their carbon emissions limits to sell the surplus to the countries which due to their industrial needs are beyond the allocated quotas. On the other hand, â€Å"carbon market† has plenty of opponents ready to state that even though the carbon trading is being constantly advertized as a key solution to coping with climate change, it is just a small part of the dilemma. Tamra Gilbertson and Oscar Reyes are sure that â€Å"today’s climate challenges require a paradigm shift in our thinking and approaches† (3). The Carbon Trade Watch researchers state that the adoption of proposed schema was a way to â€Å"make climate problems fit market solutions† (9). In any case, despite its bright perspectives in reality Kyoto Protocol leaves very less room for adequate decisions in environment pollution control and gives a way to corporations and governments to speculate on their emissions targets. Third, it is worthy to take a look at nowadays situation and whether or not â€Å"Son of Kyoto† can be considered a success reaching its initial targets and objectives. The recent United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP18/CMP8) prolonged the lifeline of â€Å"of the Kyoto Protocol beyond 2012 keeps it alive as the sole legally binding plan for combating global warming† for eight more years (Alister Doyle and Barbara Lewis). This can be seen as a constant struggle of humanity to overcome or at least control the situation with growing GHG emissions in spite of all the imperfection and criticism of the Kyoto initiative. Some of Doha decisions were questioned by Russia as well as neighboring Ukraine and Belarus asking to â€Å"be allowed extra credit for the emissions cuts they made when their industries collapsed† (Roger Harrabin). However, the query was not given a credit which left Russia no room for objection. This fact claims that there is still no unity in common decisions and universal outlook on the problem of climate change preventive measures. On the whole, Kyoto Protocol is rather controversial instrument in global climate change arena. The deal should be taken as a serious step toward improving the future generations living conditions as well as preventing possible natural disasters. At the same time its coherence should be periodically reviewed and corrective actions taken based on the comprehensive scientific and environmental research not only on pure calculation and monetary estimates. Works Cited Doyle, Alyster and Barbara Lewis. UN climate conference throws Kyoto Protocol a lifeline. http://www.theglobeandmail.com. 08 Dec 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2013 Gilbertson, Tamra and Oscar Reyes. â€Å"Carbon Trading – How it works and why it fails†. Critical Currents no.7 (2009): 3-9. http://www.tni.org/. Web. Jan 20 2013 Harrabin, Roger. UN climate talks extend Kyoto Protocol, promise compensation. http://www.bbc.co.uk. 08 Dec 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2013 McRae, Hamish. Can Kyoto really save the world? http://www.independent.co.uk. 16 Feb 2005. Web. 20 Jan 2013

The Role of Marketing Managers

The Role of Marketing Managers The role of marketing managers in modern organizations is continuously discussed by professional researchers, business administrators, and journalists. They may be regarded as heroic leaders who shape the strategies of their companies and ensure their successful performance. Yet, they may also be viewed people who attribute the company’s successes only to their own actions while overlooking the efforts of other people. This paper is aimed at assessing the roles of these people in from various perspectives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Marketing Managers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, it should be noted that scholars may distinguish two types of managers, successful and effective (Luthans, 130). According to Luthans, those people, who stress effectiveness, are good at HR management and communicating (130). These managers emphasize employees’ skills, performance, and their professi onal growth (Luthans, 130). Thus, one can say that marketing manages perform such functions as planning, monitoring, decision-making, and motivating. These people help other employees develop products or improve services. Moreover, they coordinate the work of other departments which are responsible for the promotion of products and establishing relations with customers. Yet, it should be kept in mind that there are also successful managers who attach more importance on socializing with subordinates and try to overcome formal barriers (Luthans, 130). Thus, marketing managers should be able to go beyond their formal duties. However, very people are able to balance personal and professional relations in the workplace. To better understand the activities of marketing managers, one can refer to the study done by Philip Zimbardo. He and his colleagues demonstrated that people were very likely to accept their institutional roles even if such roles contradicted their personal principles (Zi mbardo et al, 9). Similarly, marketing managers attach importance to their formal duties such as planning or coordinating. These managers want to maintain traditional workplace hierarchy. However, not all of them are able to be more personal and engage his or her subordinates. Again, as it has been said by Luthans, this is a skill of very successful managers (130). One cannot assume that every marketing manager can act in such a way. Finally, the debate about the role of marketing managers stems from a common stereotype about managers created by mass-media. The thing is that corporate executives were often portrayed as heroic figures who could dramatically transform their companies (Mintzberg, Simons and Basu 67). Admittedly, there were managers who did change the marketing strategies of their companies and strengthened their positions in the market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF L earn More In this regard, one can certainly mention such people as Steve Jobs or Steven Reinemund who often performed the functions of marketing managers. Such people envisioned better services and products. Nonetheless, marketing managers focus more on their traditional roles, such as analysis of market trends, product development, advertising, and so forth. These people do not usually position themselves as all-powerful figures. On the whole, this discussion shows two important things. First, marketing managers attach more importance to their direct duties such as strategy development. They also have to make sure that the company can adapt to the changing needs of the customers. However, at the same time, they should enable other people to fulfill their talents. As it has been argued only few managers can combine personal and professional relations. Finally, these people usually do not act as heroic figures. Still, they can profoundly affect the performance of a company. Luthans, Fred. â€Å"Successful vs. Effective Real Managers†. The Academy of  Management Executive, 2. 2 (1988): 127-132. Web. Mintzberg, Henry, Simons, Robert, and Basu, Kunal. â€Å"Beyond Selfishness†. MIT  Sloan Management Review, 44:1 (2002), 67-74. Print. Zimbardo, Philip, Haney, Charles., Banks, Willan. C., and Jaffe, Donald. â€Å"The mind is a formidable jailer: A Pirandellian prison.† The New York Times Magazine, 38- 47. Print.

Analysis on Climate Change and the Deterioration of the Environment

Analysis on Climate Change and the Deterioration of the Environment In the years spanning the twentieth through twenty-first centuries, global climate change and environmental degradation have steadily worsened due to human activity. Fracking, emissions, industries, modern agriculture, and poorly managed waste are just some of the many devastating ways that the human community has contributed to Earth’s environmental decline. Evidence of climate change cited by NASA include the following: the rise of sea levels, the rise of global temperature, warming oceans, shrinking ice sheets, declining arctic sea ice, glacial retreat, extreme weather events, ocean acidification, and decreased snow cover (Climate Change Evidence†). These multitudes of scientific evidence support the phenomenon of global warming, making it an unequivocal occurrence that severely impacts the health of the Earth and, in turn, the well being of the global human community in its survival on planet Earth. Despite the mass amounts of evidence for climate change and environm ental degradation, there still exist populations that deny the validity of global warming on the basis of personal or religious belief. Whatever the reason for disbelief may be, the issue of global climate and environmental change does not fundamentally involve belief, but rather is a matter of scientific fact. The drastic change in the Earth’s environment is a phenomenon without borders and has induced worldwide concern. Unless more awareness is raised and greater environmental action is taken, the Earth’s environmental condition will only continue to worsen. Thus, global climate change and environmental pollution are part of an ongoing, grave, and pressing issue that demands the collective action of the international community, regardless of differing religious or ethical outlooks. That is not to say that religion cannot have a role in motivating people in taking environmental action because some religious teachings certainly do emphasize the importance of environmen tal ethics. Western religions teach that humans are to reflect the same care that the Creator has for them. For instance, the biblical teaching of mutual care for people, â€Å"love your neighbor as yourself,† and the idea of sacraments, or Christian expressions of divine love, can be geared towards care for the environment. Although religious thoughts and beliefs can influence environmental ethics, its fundamental guide must be scientific. In other words, even though religion can posit reasons for environmental action, science provides the more correct reasons and therefore, should act as the key motivator. Unlike religion, science provides universally undeniable evidence for the fragile reality of the Earth and this evidence should be the true elicitor for morally correct action in the environmental movement, demanding participation from the global community as a whole, regardless of individual moral or religious principles. Therefore, the need for environmental ethics and action owes more to the fact that it is essential for human survival than to a matter of choice or moral obligation guided by religious thought. One of the major opponents to enacting widespread and effective environmental action is social disposition, politics and legislation. Because religion is regarded with bias and controversy in the mainstream media, and thus society, it would not be substantial or appropriate as the main proponent for environmental ethics. Debate over what is right or wrong and what one religion teaches better than another would inhibit proper environmental progress. One scientific writing that did cause major social change through raising public awareness and, in turn, political action is the book, Silent spring, by Rachel Carson. In her book, Carson discusses the deadly effects of the pesticide, DDT, on the environment. She meticulously and scientifically described the process of DDT entering the food chain and building up in the fatty tissues of animals, humans included, and causing cancer and genetic damage. Expecting major reactions from chemical companies producing DDT, Carson collected a mass am ount of evidence supporting her writing that led to government investigation and ultimately the ban of DDT. One of the major legacies of Carson and Silent Spring is a new level of public awareness regarding environmentalism. With knowledge and this new awareness, everyone now had the potential to enact major social change. In chapter 17 of Carson’s book, she states the following: â€Å"We stand now where two roads diverge. But unlike the roads in Robert Frosts familiar poem, they are not equally fair. The road we have long been traveling is deceptively easy, a smooth superhighway on which we progress with great speed, but at its end lies disaster. The other fork of the road — the one less traveled by — offers our last, our only chance to reach a destination that assures the preservation of the earth† (Carson 114). Here Carson argues that, with the knowledge and awareness to act, society now needs to decide to take the appropriate action. Having the right to know, the knowledge that is needed to act, and the full ability to act are the parts of a successful formula for enacting mass environmental change. By writing Silent Spring, Carson provides the middle part of the formula, thereby changing the course of environmental activism for the better. The current environmental situation is similar to the DDT situation in that society has all the evidence it needs to act and, indeed, has made great strides in mediating the global climate change crisis. Therefore, following Rachel Carson’s model of using science to increase public awareness, modern environmental ethics has no necessity for religious guidance since morality—right or wrong—does not depend on religion, and science can provide the middle part of the discussed formula to enact social change. That is not to say that environmental ethics cannot be at least partially influenced by religious teachings, as this would not interfere with environmental action on a grand scale. Although religion should not provide the basis for environmental ethics, it certainly does have its merits in that it can motivate individuals enact positive environmental change under the moral guidance of their religions. In a lecture on religious environmental ethics by Keith Douglass Warner and David DeCosse at Santa Clara University, Warner and DeCosse discuss the environmental morals that are inherent in religious teachings. They argue that due to modernization of societies, the traditional religious attitudes toward nature have mostly disappeared. The lecture presented various writings on the issue of religious environmentalism and ultimately draws the conclusion that environmental action is an essential part of religion. Warner and DeCosse posit that western religious institutions had failed to lay out a â€Å"religious rationale for environmental protection,† but have since posited that the ecological crisis is a moral obligations for all human beings. They also put f orth the claim that environmental action is a sacrament, or â€Å"expression of divine love† since the creation of the whole world has religious significance for the religious community (Warner DeCosse). The position that is mainly argued is that the environmental ethics part of religion is something that is ancient and lost, but needs a revival to solve environmental issues in our modern world. Warner and DeCosse argue that the incorporation of environmental activism into religious teaching is a phenomenon occurring in almost every religion, but drawing general conclusions is difficult to do. This is due to the variety of religions on the planet and the fact that many religious environmental teachings and ethical practice are of a local scale while climate change is a matter of a global scale (Warner DeCosse). Thus, as this Santa Clara lecture explains, environmental ethics is an aspect of religion that has significant history. However, due to the diversity and locality of these teachings, it is difficult to draw a generalized and unified approach to solving environmental issues using religion alone. This idea of having a multitude of religious ideas within the broad spectrum of environmental ethics is explored in the article written by Jane Freimiller in the journal Capitalism, Nature, Socialism about the book Earth’s Insights: A Multicultural Survey of Ecological Ethics from the Mediterranean Basin to the Australian Outback by J. Baird Callicott. This article discusses the main points of the book: the cataloging of religious systems of thought, the provision of theoretical justification for doing so, and the report on the environmental movements that had religious backings. The article characterizes the book as a survey of world beliefs from the perspective of environmental ethics. In the discussion of the various perspectives on environmental ethics, the idea of the â€Å"shopping mall† dilemma arises, where one belief system out of the many varied beliefs in the world is picked over another in the grand goal of religious environmentalism. The solution proposed b y the book is to integrate all elements of the world’s religions and harmonize it with modern science (Callicott 152). The author of the article argues that a multicultural survey of environmental ethics, one that accounts for the differing views of several cultures regarding environmentalism, is a step in the right direction instead of formulating a new, integrated environmental ethic, as the book suggests (Freimiller). Therefore, Freimiller’s argument is convincing, as religion is so multifaceted that it is hard to unify the environmental movement under religion. Instead, a survey of world beliefs regarding environmental ethics seems like an appropriate part of the environmental solution that can incorporate religious thought, but is fundamentally scientific, as science is straightforward and universal. As demonstrated from the discussion of the two sources above, although religion can positively influence environmental ethics, it is too varied across the globe to form a consensus on environmental ethics. Thus, science would form the better basis for environmentalism as it is uniform and its proof is undeniable. The relationship between science and religion in the sphere of environmental ethics is one that carries great significance in the environmental movement. In Rebith of the Sacred: Science, Religion, and the New Environmental Ethos by Robert L. Nadeau, the author argues that to resolve the environmental crisis, it is essential that society changes its political and economic institutions as well as adapt to new standards for moral and ethical behavior. Nadeau proposes that the solution can be found if sufficient numbers of environmentally concerned people participate in the dialogue between the truths of science and religion. The truth of science, according to Nadeau is that it provides a link between the spirituality of religion and the human mind. That is, science can account for evolutionarily produced cognitive faculties that gives humans â€Å"the capacity to engage in spontaneous moral behavior and to experience the other as oneself† (Nadeau 143). Thus, Nadeau argues that m oral behavior is inherently derived from nature not nurture. In regards to the truth of religion, the author states that despite â€Å"differences in the narratives of the major religious traditions of the world, the most profound religious and moral truths are virtually identically† (Nadeau 145). Thus, Nadeau believes that all of the world’s diverse religions are interconnected and unified by the same thread of spiritual awareness. The author cited scientific research to align with this idea of common spiritual awareness when he stated the following: â€Å"Since the brain scans of the Buddhist monks and Catholic nuns were virtually identical, this strongly suggests that they were in very similar states of profound spiritual awareness.† Together, the truth of science and the truth of religion can be incorporated in Nadeau’s â€Å"New Environmental Ethos,† which is the combination of a â€Å"spiritual and physical reality†. Those who embrace this ethos, according to Nadeau, will view human pollution as immoral and see that neuroscience can explain emotional and unconscious processes that influence human behavior (Nadeau 146). Thus, Nadeau argues, science is in accordance with religious or spiritual morality as science provides the biological explanation for the neurology from which moral thoughts stem. In other words, the fundamental scientific truths are fully compatible with spiritual truths, as defined by Nadeau. However, having a common spiritual awareness across different religions may not translate to taking environmental action in the same fashion. Thus, discord can arise from differences in approaches to environmental action. This is supported by the fact that the Buddhists in the study mentioned by Nadeau sees a different spiritual being than the nuns. This may mean that the ways they worship and what they worship may differ and thus, the approach they take in environmentalism may differ. For instance, one may take direct action while the other takes on advocacy. What is essential for the health of the environment and the human population is not differing routes of environmental activism that may result in inefficiency but rather a unified, well-backed, and efficient approach that can lead to a common solution. Although Nadeau’s â€Å"New Environmental Ethos† does not necessarily conflict with the discord in differing religious views that lead to different environmental ac tion, his thesis treats science and religion as equally important components in environmental ethics, which they are not, and is not completely holistic. In his book, Nadeau states that moral reasoning is not the same as proactive moral behavior (Nadeau 147). In this sense, if science is assumed to be the basis for moral behavior, then the basis for environmental action can be mostly scientific. Then, the spiritual aspect of the â€Å"New Environmental Ethos† is simply an extraneous factor that can act as a motivator for environmental action. Nadeau’s religious environmentalism argument, which is heavy on spirituality, can also encounter a potential conflict with the atheist community. Since environmental change is a global issue, then a global solution encompassing all people must be devised. Nadeau’s â€Å"new environmental ethos† disregards atheists, which equates to disregarding the atheist community. This community makes up 11% of citizens that participated in the 2015 Gallup pole regarding religion (Losing our religion?†). Therefore, the â€Å"New Environmental Ethos† proposed by Nadeau i s not a holistic solution in that a necessitated global environmentalist approach needs to include all people, not just those who are religious or spiritual. While science is undeniably the basis of environmentalism, some may argue that religion can have a role of equal or greater importance in guiding environmental ethics. As mentioned before, various religions across the globe have long stressed environmental action and taking care of nature through religious teachings, texts, and the previously mentioned idea of â€Å"sacraments.† In Warner and DeCosse’s lecture, they also discuss a global, trans-religious phenomenon called â€Å"the Greening of Religion† in which many of the world’s religions are stressing environmental action as a moral obligation (Warner DeCosse). This similarity of environmental teaching among religions support the argument that religion does indeed have a role that is as or more important as science in guiding environmental ethics. In regards to the scientific side of the objection argument, some may say that science cannot account for morals and thus cannot account for environmental e thics. The same people may also posit that the purpose of religion is to impart moral values and thus influence environmental ethics in that fashion. That is, religious teachings influence moral values and what is right or wrong when it comes to environmentalism. In response to this argument, it is important to note that global warming is a scientific process. Without scientific evidence, there would be not enough awareness of global warming in the first place for the religious institution to call for environmental action. Though, with this scientific knowledge, religion is not necessarily essential to enact social change, as demonstrated by the impacts of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring. Science therefore can account for ethics and religion is not the only proponent of morality in regards to environmentalism. Thus, science is the only necessitated part of environmental ethics while religion can act as a possible secondary motivator in enacting environmental action. Through the holistic analysis of religion, the relationship between science and religion as they relate to environmental ethics, and the unified, mass social change that science alone is capable of initiating, as proven by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, it can be concluded that the fundamental guide to environmental ethics is science. Without the multiplicity of differing views and approaches that exists within religion, science can provide a clear and unified basis for environmental action for global community as a whole, regardless of individual moral or religious principles.

Business plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Business plan - Term Paper Example The Coffee Lounge would harness the closeness to the University of Colorado. The best tasting beverages in the Coffee Lounge will be prepared with ingredients of premium quality following stringent quality guidelines to ensure the satisfaction of the connoisseur. The store layout will reflect the ambience to the youth, who would throng during the day and in the evenings after the college. The menu and the advertisements will target customers for higher margin espresso drinks. Along with Espresso drinks, brewed coffee and teas will also be on offer. To go with these beverages, some snacks such as pastries, sandwiches and salads will also feature in the menu. These menu offerings could be savored while reading free books and magazines that are provided to the customers inside the Coffee Lounge. The menu of the Coffee Lounge will be developed around Espresso-based coffee drinks such as Lattes, Mochas, and Cappuccinos etc. These drinks will be on offer with skimmed, whole or soy milk. Each of these drinks is prepared with a ‘shot’ of espresso prepared in the machine by forcing hot water through ground coffee at high pressure. These ‘shots’ are combined with steamed milk with or without additives such as cocoa, caramel, etc. Our meticulous preparation techniques and trained personnel will ensure our competitive advantage. The promotion activity will begin in the University of Colorado campus, the malls and select buildings in the vicinity of the campus. The kick off for promotion would be two weeks prior to the opening of the Coffee Lounge. These will be accompanied by free post cards with endorsement of Coffee Lounge aimed at increasing the visibility of the coffee lounge. The Coffee Lounge will be close to the University of Colorado with a 2400 Sq.Ft. area. This accommodation will be acquired through a three year lease with a flexibility to extend. The hook